ややこしい英語基本文法まとめ
基本文法の中で、個人的にややこしいと思うものだけ抜粋してみました。
文に深い意味はないです。英語ばっかりだとつまらないので所々コメントを入れてみました。
カンマが要るかいらないか? AND, OR, BUT, SO, BECAUSE
これはもうルールを覚えるしか…会話英語ではカンマを打つなんて意識しないでしょう、たぶん。
- My brother is married and lives in Tokyo.
- He doesn't like her, and she doesn't like him.
- I bought a newspaper, but I didn't read it.
- Do you want to play soccer, or are you too tired?
- It was raining, so we didn't go hiking.
- We didn't go swimming because the water was polluted.
- Because the water was polluted, we didn't go swimming.
SOME VS ANY
練習して慣れてくると「この文でsome〜は違和感あるな」と思えるようになりました。
In positive sentences
- I'm going to buy some eggs.
- There are some towels in my room.
- I made some mistakes.
- He said something.
- She saw somebody. (or anybody)
In negative sentences
- I'm not going to buy any eggs.
- There aren't any towels in my room.
- I didn't make any mistakes.
- He didn't say anything.
- She didn't see anybody. (or anyone)
To offer things
- Would you like some tea?
- Would you like something to eat?
To ask for things
- Can I have some soup, please?
- Can you lend me some money?
In most questions
- Are there any towels in the room?
- Do you know anything about politics?
- Did they make any mistakes?
- Are you doing anything this evening?
- I can't find James. Has anybody seen him?
anyとsomeを使う文
- I didn't take any photographs, but my friend took some. (=some photographs)
不可算名詞(uncountable nouns)で使うかどうか
加算名詞にもなるような名詞でも、不可算で使う方が多かったりする。これはちょっと難しい。
- food : Everybody needs food.
- cheese : Do you like cheese?
- advice : He gave me some very good advice.
- exercise : He needs exercise.
まだ使い慣れない単位
- a piece of music
- a piece of cheese
- a bar of chocolate
- a carton of milk
- a bowl of soup
- a loaf of bread
- a game of tennis
- a jar of honey
日本語と英語での動詞の違い
- A towel is used for drying. 自分がこれを日本語に訳すなら、動詞に「拭く」を使うかな。
EACH, EVERY
後に来る単語は単数形を使うらしい。
- What is each person doing?
- Each year on the July 4 holiday, Nathan's Famous restaurant in New York City has a contest to find out. (53.5 Hot Dogsから引用)
- Jessica drinks coffee every day.
- She is making improvement in English every week.
A/AN or THE or なし
よくtheを使うパターン
- the country : I live in a big city, but I want to live in the country.
- the piano(musical instruments) : Can you play the piano?
- the army : He's a soldier. He's in the army.
- the fire department, the radio, the first time
- My apartment is on the third floor.
こちらはaを使うそう
- Can you ride a bicycle?
- It's a nice day today.
the televisionは機械のテレビのことで、televisionはテレビの中?の話になる。
- I like watching television.
- What's on television tonight?
- Can you turn off the television?
theを付けても良さそうなのにダメなもの
- breakfast, lunch, dinner : Dinner is ready!
Do/Doesを使うか、be going toを使うか。
We use the simple present for timetables, trains, programs, schedules, etc.
- What time does the train leave?
- When does the next English course begin?
似たような文でbe going toを使うケース
- What time are you leaving tomorrow?
- When are they getting married?
I willかI'm going toか。
willを使うケース
- Joy : Let's have a party.
- Nora : That's a great idea. We'll invite lots of people.
be going toを使うケース。上のストーリーの続きです。
- Nora : Hi James. Joy and I have decided to have a party. We're going to invite lots of people.
何となく分かりそうな省略
- He broke his arm playing hockey.
- →When [he was] playing hockey, he broke his arm.
look likeかlookか
- You look smart.
- You look tired.
- You look like your mother.
二日酔い
You're drunk.とは言うのに、I am hangoverとは言わない。I have a hangover.が正しいらしい。
hangoverは名詞で、illnessだと・・・。
今日はこのくらいで。
間違いがあればご指摘くださいー!